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Cyber Security vs Software Engineering
Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity vs. Software Engineering: 2024 Career Guide

11 minute read | January 2, 2024
Sakshi Gupta

Written by:
Sakshi Gupta

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Deciding between a career in cybersecurity and software engineering? Both fields offer vast opportunities and require unique skill sets, with cybersecurity focusing on protecting networks and data from digital threats and software engineering on creating innovative applications. As the digital landscape evolves, the demand for skilled professionals in both areas has surged, offering diverse career paths and specializations. Whether you’re drawn to the intricacies of security protocols or the creativity of software development, understanding the nuances of each field is crucial.

Dive into our guide to explore the key differences, roles, and potential career paths to find the right fit for your interests and skills.

What Is the Main Difference Between Cybersecurity and Software Engineering?

The main difference between cybersecurity and software engineering lies in their focus and objectives. Cybersecurity concentrates on protecting systems, networks, and data from digital threats, emphasizing security measures and threat mitigation. Software engineering focuses on creating functional software applications and systems, prioritizing programming, development methodologies, and system design.

Understanding the Fields: Cybersecurity vs. Software Engineering

What Is Software Engineering?

Software engineering is the systematic process of developing software applications and systems to meet user requirements. It encompasses programming, software development methodologies, and system design, aiming to produce functional software products. The role involves coding, testing, debugging, and maintaining software, requiring a deep understanding of programming languages and system architecture.

What Is Cybersecurity?

Cybersecurity is the discipline focused on safeguarding systems, networks, and programs from digital threats. It necessitates expertise in network security, encryption, threat analysis, and compliance regulations. The core activities include monitoring for security breaches, conducting penetration tests, and ensuring data privacy. The goal is to maintain the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information, paving the way for careers such as security analyst, ethical hacker, and Chief Information Security Officer (CISO).

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Understanding the Role: Cybersecurity Expert vs. Software Engineer

To fully understand the difference between cyber security and software engineers, you need to know exactly what is expected from those who work in either of them. Here is a brief synopsis of the roles and responsibilities of cyber security vs software engineering.

What Does a Cybersecurity Expert Do?

A cybersecurity expert is tasked with safeguarding computer networks and systems against digital threats. They devise, implement, and update security measures and protocols to prevent, detect, and manage cyberattacks. This role involves continuous monitoring for vulnerabilities, ethical hacking to anticipate hacker tactics, and developing incident response strategies. Additionally, they are responsible for educating the workforce on security practices, often requiring a solid foundation in computer science or a related field.

What Does a Software Engineer Do?

Software engineers specialize in developing, maintaining, and testing software, serving as the backbone of computer systems and applications. Their role demands a comprehensive grasp of programming languages, information systems, and the underlying mathematics and algorithms. While educational requirements can vary, a deep technical understanding and problem-solving skills are paramount, enabling them to craft and optimize software across diverse platforms and technologies.

Role Requirements

There is some overlap in the skill set and qualifications required for software engineers and cyber security engineers, but the more specific your training and experience the better your chances of landing a job. Let’s compare the skill set of software engineering vs cybersecurity.

Software Engineer

  • Strong foundation in engineering, computer science, and mathematics, with experience in software development

  • Proficient in multiple programming languages and familiar with software development tools and techniques

  • Excellent teamwork, interpersonal, and communication skills to articulate complex ideas clearly

  • Creative and effective problem-solving abilities

  • Deep understanding of computer science concepts and skilled in coding as a core responsibility

Cybersecurity Expert

  • Bachelor’s degree or higher in Computer Science, IT, or related field, or CISSP certification

  • Experience in cyberattack detection, response, and digital forensics.

  • Ability to build and maintain firewalls and proficiency in multiple programming languages (C++, Ruby, Python, Java).

  • Knowledge of hacking techniques and staying current with cybersecurity trends

  • Essential skills include problem-solving, effective communication, and conflict resolution, with options for specialized certifications and courses

Related Read: Computer Science vs. Software Engineering [Comparison Guide]

Programming Languages You’ll Need To Know

Cybersecurity professionals and software development professionals use many of the same programming languages and computer programs, but there are some key differences:

Cybersecurity experts often use programming languages and new programs that are specifically designed for security tasks, such as:

  • Python: Python is a general-purpose programming language that is popular for cybersecurity tasks because it is easy to learn and use, has a large community of developers, and has a wide range of libraries and tools available for cybersecurity tasks. You will use this language extensively as a software engineer or cyber security engineer.
  • C/C++: C and C++ are low-level programming languages that are often used for developing security software designed to protect systems networks, such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems. This is because C and C++ give programmers more control over the hardware and operating system, which is important for developing high-performance security software. Cybersecurity engineers may need to know this language as well.
  • Assembly language: Assembly language is the lowest-level programming language and is directly converted to machine code. It is sometimes used for developing security software that needs to be very efficient, such as malware analysis tools.

In addition to these specialized languages, cybersecurity engineers also use general-purpose programming languages such as Python, Java, and JavaScript to develop security tools and scripts.

Software developers use a wide range of programming languages, depending on the type of software they are developing. Some common programming languages for software development include:

  • Python: Python is a popular general-purpose computer programming language that is used to develop a wide variety of software applications, including web applications, desktop applications, and mobile applications.
  • Java: Java is another popular general-purpose programming language that is used to develop a wide variety of software applications, including enterprise applications, web applications, and mobile applications.
  • JavaScript: JavaScript is a scripting language that is used to add interactivity to web pages and to develop web applications.
  • C/C++: C and C++ are low-level computer programming languages that are often used to develop high-performance software, such as operating systems and video games.

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Cybersecurity vs. Software Engineering: Salaries

Salaries for cybersecurity and software engineering professionals can vary a great deal depending on the experience of the employee, the geographical location of the position, and many other factors. Still, it is possible to see which of these two careers is likely to offer you more in compensation based on averages.

Cybersecurity vs. Software Engineers: Career Paths

Most career paths start broad and get narrow as your skills become more specialized. There are many different niches to specialize in for both of these occupations. Here are some of the best choices for both.

Cybersecurity Jobs

  • Cybersecurity Analyst: Specializes in developing, evaluating, and implementing security strategies to prevent cyberattacks. Skills include analytical thinking, creative problem-solving, and extensive knowledge of security protocols. Plays a critical role in intrusion detection and damage control.
  • Cybersecurity Engineer: Focuses on securing IT systems and networks against cyber threats. Requires proficiency with various operating systems, database platforms, and security software. Skills include problem-solving, detail orientation, and effective communication. Often employed by corporations or cybersecurity firms.
  • Cybersecurity Manager/Administrator: Senior role overseeing network security and leading IT teams. Must understand complex IT infrastructure and possess strong leadership skills. Skills include expertise in firewalls, security protocols, and network management. Responsible for strategic security planning and team supervision.
  • Cybersecurity Consultant: Offers expert advice on network security, performing tests, analysis, and system upgrades. Skills include a deep understanding of cybercrime techniques, intrusion testing, and damage repair. Often works freelance, providing tailored security solutions to clients.
  • Information Security Analyst: Continuously monitors networks for vulnerabilities, develops security updates, and implements protocols. Must have experience in IT support, knowledge of server and network management, and be an effective problem solver. Responsible for strengthening system security and conducting intrusion tests.

Related Read: Highest Paying Cybersecurity Jobs

Software Engineering Jobs

  • System Engineer: Specializes in developing comprehensive systems from inception to completion, ensuring they meet specific needs. Skills include a broad understanding of engineering principles, system management techniques, project and team management, and proficiency with databases and SQL.
  • Full Stack Engineer: Builds and manages both front-end and back-end aspects of websites and applications. Requires strong coding abilities, knowledge of both client and server-side languages, application design, project management, and excellent communication skills.
  • Software Engineer: Designs and implements software systems tailored to client or employer requirements. Skills include a thorough understanding of the software development lifecycle, proficiency in multiple programming languages, database design, and the ability to work under pressure.
  • IT Security Specialist: Focuses on securing computer networks and systems against cyber threats. Must be experienced with IT security tools, developing security standards, system administration, recognizing malicious code, and conveying complex information clearly to non-IT personnel.
  • Cloud Engineer: Responsible for designing and managing cloud-based solutions, including application development, storage security, and infrastructure implementation. Skills include problem-solving, leadership, clear communication, and expertise in multiple programming languages and cloud technologies.

Cybersecurity vs. Software Engineering: How To Get a Job

Knowing how much you are likely to make in a particular job is a great start, but before you can start getting paid, you must land the job. Here are a few tips that may help.

How Do You Land a Job in Cybersecurity?

According to Burning Glass Technologies, over 88% of employers looking for cybersecurity professionals require at least a Bachelor’s degree in IT security or a related field. They are also required to have three years of experience working in cybersecurity.

Some will accept a Master’s degree with little or no professional experience. So, your first step to becoming a cybersecurity professional is to enroll in an accredited college.

Once you have earned your degree, it is time to prove to your potential employers what you can do. On-the-job experience is important, but sometimes hard to achieve. You may need to take an entry-level position to bulk up your resume.

Certifications are also a good way to attract the attention of potential employers. Consider getting a Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) or becoming a Certified Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) or any of the many other trade certifications available.

“The best way of finding a job is through people. Who do you know? And then by proxy, who do they know? Whether or not you’re at a university, joining organizations in your community is a great way of meeting other people and expanding your network.”

How Do You Land a Job in Software Engineering?

Many entry-level software engineering positions do not require a college education, but they will want to see some evidence that you know how to do the job. Create a portfolio of some of your more impressive projects. In a best-case scenario, these are on-the-job projects, but if this is your first attempt at getting hired in the field, then a degree or personal projects are acceptable.

Software engineering is a very broad category. To better your chances of landing the job you want, decide which niche you enjoy working in and cater your experience and portfolio towards it.

Networking is an invaluable tool when searching for employment in software engineering. Make use of the networking sites and create a few real-life contacts to use as references. These links and referrals may be enough to get your foot in the door.

“While you definitely should work on some personal projects that really test your limits of what you can do technically, it’s also totally okay to include school projects or coding boot camp assignments as well. Those are fair game because those are real coding projects that you worked on.”

Should I Become a Software Engineer or Cybersecurity Professional?

Choosing between a career in software engineering or cybersecurity is challenging without firsthand experience, as both fields offer rewarding paths and are in high demand. Software engineering focuses on designing, developing, and maintaining software systems, requiring a blend of computer science, mathematics, and engineering skills. It involves creating applications that streamline processes and enhance user experiences across various industries.

Cybersecurity, however, concentrates on protecting systems, networks, and data from cyber threats, necessitating a deep understanding of computer vulnerabilities and the development of security measures. Both roles are crucial in today’s digital landscape, with software engineers building innovative solutions and cybersecurity professionals safeguarding sensitive information.

Your decision should align with your interests, whether in programming and problem-solving for software development or in computer science and security measures for cybersecurity. The emerging field of cybersecurity and software engineering highlights the importance of integrating security into the development process, offering a unique intersection for those interested in both disciplines.

You Should Consider Cybersecurity if…

  • You intend to get a 4-year college degree or beyond
  • You can handle high-anxiety workdays
  • You enjoy learning about system networks and data and how to protect them
  • You can communicate clearly both verbally and orally
  • You enjoy solving puzzles and can focus on a specific task for a long time
  • You like working with other employees
  • You can both uber-focus and multi-task

You Should Consider Software Engineering if…

  • You like to learn things hands-on
  • You have a genuine interest in computers and how they work
  • You are a self-starter
  • You can work as well in a team with other employees as you can by yourself
  • You are creative and innovative
  • You are interested in building system networks and data

Cybersecurity vs. Software Engineering FAQs

Is Cyber Security Harder Than Software Engineering?

It is difficult to say that one is more difficult than the other without determining the parameters for that. If you are someone that has the desire to get a college degree, then going into cyber security would be easy for you.

However, if you are a hands-on learner and have no interest in spending four or more years earning degrees, then cyber security would be a difficult field for you.

Is There More Math in Cyber Security or Software Engineering?

Working in either of these careers requires a strong understanding of mathematics. Both careers will require you to have a basic understanding of how algorithms work and how to use them to achieve your goals. While other employees may not use maths in their day-to-day lives, both of these careers require strong math skills.

Are My Coding Skills Transferable to Cybersecurity?

Software development is a closely related field to cyber security and youou can use your knowledge of system networks and data, software architecture, and the industry to break into the cybersecurity industry. You probably already have many of the required skills to succeed in the field, including a robust problem-solving skill set and knowledge of the measures it takes to protect system networks and data on a basic level. The main difference is how that knowledge is applied. You may find that you have more cybersecurity skills (and career options) than you thought you had.

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About Sakshi Gupta

Sakshi is a Managing Editor at Springboard. She is a technology enthusiast who loves to read and write about emerging tech. She is a content marketer with experience in the Indian and US markets.