7 Cybersecurity Career Paths Worth Investigating in 2025

Cybersecurity is more than just a career—it’s a gateway to countless specialized roles that protect the digital world. With an estimated 3.5 million cybersecurity jobs projected to go unfilled by 2025, now is the perfect time to explore this thriving field. Whether you’re drawn to engineering secure systems, testing for vulnerabilities, or analyzing threats, this guide will help you navigate the diverse career paths in cybersecurity and find the one that aligns with your skills and goals.

What Does a Career in Cybersecurity Look Like?

Cybersecurity offers a chance to tackle real-world challenges in a rapidly evolving field. From ethical hackers to policy strategists, roles span technical, analytical, and leadership domains. The field’s diversity ensures opportunities for problem-solvers, innovators, and those passionate about protecting digital infrastructure. With threats constantly evolving, cybersecurity professionals must adapt and thrive in an environment where no two days are the same.

What Are Some Different Cybersecurity Career Paths?

One of the most thrilling aspects of cybersecurity is the diverse array of available career paths, all tailored to different skill sets and interests. These range from highly technical roles like ethical hackers and security engineers, who work on the frontlines of cyber defense, to strategic roles like cybersecurity analysts and consultants, who evaluate security measures and guide policy.

Career Path	Description
Engineering	Focuses on building, implementing, and maintaining secure digital systems to defend against cyber threats.
Testing	Involves identifying vulnerabilities in systems, applications, and networks through simulated attacks and assessments.
Analysis	Examines data and patterns to detect and mitigate cyber threats, ensuring systems remain secure.
Response	Manages and mitigates the impact of security breaches, restoring systems and improving future defenses.
Auditing	Evaluates systems and practices for compliance with regulations and best practices to strengthen security.
Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC)	Aligns cybersecurity practices with regulations and manages risks to protect organizational integrity.
Identity and Access Management (IAM)	Secures and manages digital identities, ensuring appropriate access to systems and data.

Let’s dive deeper into some of these cybersecurity roles!

Engineering

In cybersecurity, engineering is the technical bedrock upon which all security measures and protocols are built. 

Cybersecurity engineers are integral to creating, implementing, and maintaining the systems designed to protect an organization’s digital infrastructure. They use their knowledge of system vulnerabilities, software vulnerabilities, and network security to build strong defenses against cyber threats. 

In addition to developing and implementing security systems, these engineers routinely perform security assessments of their own infrastructure, identify areas of weakness, and develop strategies to guard against potential attacks.

Job Titles

A cybersecurity engineering path translates into several specific job titles withcrucial roles in protecting sensitive data and systems. Some of the typical roles include:

• Security Engineer. These individuals design and implement secure network solutions to defend against advanced cyber threats and continuously monitor systems for breaches or anomalies.
• Application Security Engineer. They are focused on securing software applications against potential threats, which includes designing secure architectures and identifying and patching application vulnerabilities.
• Cloud Security Engineer. As businesses move more data and operations to the cloud, these professionals are critical in securing and protecting such cloud-based systems from breaches.
• Network Security Engineer. They are responsible for creating and maintaining secure networks within an organization, which includes installing and fortifying firewalls, configuring security devices, and identifying network vulnerabilities.

Prerequisites

• A bachelor’s degree in computer science, information technology, cybersecurity, or a related field.
• Foundational knowledge of programming, networking, and system vulnerabilities.
• Certifications like CISSP or CISM to demonstrate expertise.
• Hands-on experience through internships or entry-level roles.

Testing

Testing in cybersecurity refers to evaluating and scrutinizing various aspects of a system, application, or network to identify potential vulnerabilities that cyber threats could exploit. 

Testers in cybersecurity apply methodical critical approaches to break down and analyze an organization’s cyber defenses. This can involve simulating cyberattacks, probing for weaknesses in software apps, analyzing network structures for potential weaknesses, and examining systems for coding errors or loopholes. The ultimate aim is to identify any weaknesses before cybercriminals do, thus preventing potential security breaches.

Job Titles

Testing is dynamic and expansive, involving a variety of specialized roles focusing on examining the different aspects of cyber defense mechanisms. Here are a few such roles:

• Penetration Tester. Often referred to as “ethical hackers,” penetration testers simulate cyberattacks on their own systems to identify vulnerabilities and assess the robustness of security measures.
• Vulnerability Assessor. These professionals specialize in discovering and analyzing vulnerabilities in systems and applications, helping to fortify cyber defenses preemptively.
• Security Auditor. Security auditors conduct comprehensive reviews of security systems to ensure they comply with industry standards and regulations and to identify any potential weaknesses.

Prerequisites

• Strong knowledge of cybersecurity concepts, network protocols, and system vulnerabilities.
• Certifications like Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH), Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP), or Certified Penetration Tester (CPT).
• Hands-on experience through internships, cybersecurity competitions, or lab simulations.
• Analytical and problem-solving skills to identify and address vulnerabilities effectively.

Analysis

Cybersecurity analysis is the process of systematically examining data, systems, and patterns to understand and mitigate cyber threats. Cybersecurity analysts spend much of their time collecting and studying data related to their organization’s networks and systems, looking for patterns or anomalies that could signal a cyber threat. They also assess and evaluate security protocols, recommend improvements, and respond to security incidents. 

In essence, analysts are the “detectives” of the cybersecurity world, drawing on a blend of technical skills and critical thinking to uncover and address potential threats before they can cause harm.

Job Titles

In cybersecurity, the risk analysis path offers a wide range of specialized roles, each focused on interpreting and using data to strengthen cyber defenses. Here are a few of these critical roles:

• Cybersecurity Analyst. They monitor and analyze an organization’s networks and systems, detect and respond to threats, and develop strategies to improve security protocols.
• Threat Intelligence Analyst. These professionals specialize in identifying and understanding emerging cyber threats, helping their organizations stay one step ahead of potential attacks.
• Security Operations Center (SOC) Analyst. Working in a SOC, these analysts monitor and analyze activity on networks, servers, endpoints, databases, and other systems to detect unusual behavior or security incidents.
• Intrusion Analyst. They focus on identifying attempted and successful cyber intrusions, understanding the tactics and techniques used by cyber attackers, and developing countermeasures.

Prerequisites

• A degree in computer science, cybersecurity, or a related field (or completion of a bootcamp program).
• Strong analytical skills to detect patterns, anomalies, and vulnerabilities in data.
• Certifications such as CompTIA Security+, Certified Cybersecurity Analyst (CySA+), or equivalent.
• Experience with monitoring tools and incident response processes.

Response

Response in cybersecurity revolves around the strategies and actions taken when a cyber threat materializes into an actual security breach. 

Professionals working in cybersecurity response are akin to digital first responders, springing into action when a breach occurs to minimize damage, eradicate the threat, and restore normal operations. Their tasks involve investigating the nature and extent of the breach, isolating affected systems, removing the threat, and implementing measures to prevent similar incidents. 

Post-incident, they are also instrumental in analyzing the event to learn from the breach and improve the organization’s security posture.

Job Titles

Here are some examples of key roles within response in cybersecurity:

• Incident Responder. These professionals are the first line of defense when a cyber attack happens. They identify, respond to, and mitigate security incidents to limit damage and reduce recovery time.
• Cybersecurity Incident Manager. Incident managers coordinate the response during and after a cyber attack, ensuring effective collaboration among different teams and stakeholders.
• Forensic Analyst. These professionals investigate cyber-attacks to determine how the breach occurred, what information was compromised, and who was responsible, gathering evidence that can often be used in legal proceedings.

Prerequisites

• Foundational knowledge of cybersecurity principles and incident response frameworks.
• Certifications like Certified Incident Handler (GCIH) or Certified Cybersecurity First Responder (CFR).
• Strong problem-solving and decision-making skills, especially under pressure.
• Practical experience through SOC roles, digital forensics, or simulated incident response scenarios.

Auditing

Auditing in cybersecurity involves examining and evaluating an organization’s information systems, practices, and operations to ensure compliance with laws, regulations, and industry best practices. 

Cybersecurity auditors scrutinize an organization’s cybersecurity policies, procedures, framework, and controls to detect and rectify any deficiencies or violations that could cause security breaches. Their goal is to ensure an organization’s compliance and advise on improving the overall security posture.

Job Titles

Here are a few key roles within this path:

• Cybersecurity Auditor. These professionals evaluate an organization’s cybersecurity strategies, policies, and systems, checking for compliance with regulations and identifying areas for improvement.
• IT Compliance Auditor. IT Compliance Auditors ensure that the organization’s technology and systems adhere to relevant laws, regulations, and internal policies, often with a strong focus on data privacy issues.
• Security Control Assessor. These assessors review and evaluate the effectiveness of security controls implemented in an organization’s IT systems.

Prerequisites

• Technical knowledge of cybersecurity principles and regulatory compliance frameworks.
• A degree in cybersecurity, computer science, or a related field; a background in law or business can be advantageous.
• Strong analytical skills for identifying and addressing compliance gaps.
• Certifications such as Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) or Certified Information Security Manager (CISM).
• Experience with security control assessments or compliance evaluations in professional settings.

Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC)

In cybersecurity, governance, risk, and compliance (GRC) professionals are responsible for ensuring that an organization’s operations align with regulatory requirements and industry standards. These individuals design, implement, and monitor frameworks that manage risk and enforce compliance while enhancing overall security.

GRC professionals help organizations avoid legal penalties, protect their reputation, and establish a proactive approach to managing cybersecurity risks.

Job Titles

A GRC path opens doors to several strategic roles that combine cybersecurity with business acumen. Some of the typical roles include:

• GRC Analyst. Develops and monitors policies, standards, and frameworks to manage organizational risk and compliance.
• Risk Manager. Identifies and evaluates cybersecurity risks, helping organizations make informed decisions to minimize vulnerabilities.
• Compliance Specialist. Ensures adherence to legal and regulatory requirements while aligning cybersecurity practices with best standards.

Prerequisites

• A degree in cybersecurity, business, or law can provide a solid foundation.
• Strong understanding of risk management frameworks (e.g., NIST, ISO 27001).
• Certifications such as Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control (CRISC) or Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA).
• Experience in compliance monitoring or policy development.

Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Identity and Access Management (IAM) professionals are responsible for securing and managing digital identities and controlling access to an organization’s systems and data. They ensure that the right individuals have the appropriate access levels, protecting sensitive information and preventing unauthorized access.

IAM is increasingly important as businesses adopt remote work policies and cloud-based technologies.

Job Titles

The IAM path offers a variety of specialized roles focused on securing and managing identities. Some of the key roles include:

• IAM Specialist. Implements and manages access control systems, ensuring proper user authentication and authorization processes.
• Privileged Access Manager. Focuses on securing, monitoring, and managing privileged accounts within an organization.
• Identity Governance Engineer. Designs and maintains systems to ensure secure identity lifecycle management across platforms.

Prerequisites

• A degree in information systems, cybersecurity, or a related field.
• Knowledge of access management tools like Okta, Azure AD, or CyberArk.
• Certifications such as Certified Identity and Access Manager (CIAM) or Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP).
• Experience with identity provisioning and multi-factor authentication implementations.

Common Jobs at Different Levels

Choosing the right cybersecurity career path and moving up the ladder can seem complicated, but remember, every professional starts somewhere. 

This section will guide you through different cybersecurity roles, from entry-level to senior positions, to help visualize your potential career progression and find the path that best suits your interests and skills.

Entry-Level Cybersecurity Jobs

Entry-level cybersecurity roles offer a perfect starting point for those just beginning their journey. They typically involve learning the ropes while being supervised and guided by more experienced team members.

• Cybersecurity Intern. As a cybersecurity intern, you’ll get hands-on experience with various tools and practices. You’ll likely work under the direct supervision of a cybersecurity professional, providing you with an excellent opportunity to learn, grow, and make valuable industry connections.
• Information Security Analyst. Information security analysts monitor an organization’s network and investigate when security breachesoccur. They’re the eyes and ears on the ground, swiftly identifying and addressing any suspicious activities.
• IT Auditor. An IT auditor’s role is to evaluate an organization’s information systems, ensuring they comply with applicable laws and standards. Even in this entry-level position, your work will impact the integrity of your organization’s data and infrastructure.

Mid-Level Cybersecurity Jobs

Mid-level roles require more experience and skills. They offer an opportunity to handle more responsibilities, engage in strategic decisions, and often specialize in a particular area of cybersecurity.

• Penetration Tester. As a penetration tester, you’ll think like a hacker but act like a guardian. Your job is to find and exploit vulnerabilities in your organization’s systems before real attackers do, ensuring that these systems are as secure as possible.
• Security Engineer. Security engineers are the builders and protectors of the cybersecurity world. In this role, you’ll design and implement secure network solutions to protect against advanced cyber threats. You’re not just maintaining defenses. You’re actively constructing them too.
• Forensic Analyst. As a forensic analyst, you’ll become a digital detective. When a cyber incident occurs, you’ll examine the “crime scene,” tracing the footsteps of cyber attackers, identifying how they broke in, and collecting evidence to help prevent future attacks.

Senior Cybersecurity Jobs

Senior-level roles are leadership positions that require a high level of expertise. These roles often involve overseeing cybersecurity strategy, making critical decisions, and leading teams.

• Cybersecurity Architect. As a cybersecurity architect, you’ll be in charge of the big picture. You’ll design complex and comprehensive security systems that protect an organization’s digital infrastructure. Your decisions will play a significant role in safeguarding your organization’s cyber environment.
• Chief Information Security Officer (CISO). Climbing to the chief information security officer role, you’ll be the top authority on all things cybersecurity in your organization. CISOs develop and implement the organization’s security strategy, manage a team of security professionals, and are the main point of contact for all security-related issues. 

What Do Cybersecurity Salaries Look Like?

Here’s what you can expect to make at various stages of your cybersecurity career:

Level	Average Salary	Basic Skills Needed	Experience Needed
Entry-Level	$74,000 per year	Basic understanding of cybersecurity concepts Familiarity with security tools like firewalls and antivirus software Problem-solving and critical thinking skills	Little to no professional experience; internships or relevant coursework are helpful.
Mid-Level	$90,000 per year	Advanced knowledge of networks and system vulnerabilities Experience with penetration testing and threat analysis Strong analytical and troubleshooting skills	4-6 years of experience in cybersecurity roles such as analyst, tester, or engineer.
Senior-Level	$95,000 – $105,000 per year	Leadership and strategic planning skills Expertise in designing and managing security systems Proficiency in risk management and compliance frameworks	7+ years of experience, often with leadership responsibilities or certifications like CISSP or CISM.

Cybersecurity Career Roadmap: Where to Start

Embarking on a cybersecurity career requires careful planning and preparation. Understanding the necessary skills, qualifications, and experiences that will help you navigate and succeed in this field is essential. 

Here’s what you need to know about starting a career in cybersecurity.

• Foundational Knowledge: Understanding of computer systems, networks, and coding to identify vulnerabilities and build effective defenses.
• Education and Learning: A degree in computer science or related fields, or participation in bootcamps and online courses to stay updated with evolving threats and solutions.
• Skills and Tools: Combination of technical skills (e.g., encryption, network protocols) and soft skills (e.g., problem-solving, critical thinking). Familiarity with tools like firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and SIEM software is essential.
• Certifications: Credentials like CISSP, CEH, or CompTIA Security+ validate skills and boost job prospects while keeping professionals up to date.
• Experience: Practical experience through internships, volunteering, or projects to apply theoretical knowledge and demonstrate commitment to the field.
• Other Prerequisites: Strong ethical standards, a passion for learning, and persistence to tackle complex security challenges.

Real-Life Examples and Paths To Learn From

There’s tremendous value in observing and learning from other people who navigated the cybersecurity space successfully. Let’s look at two real-life examples and paths to learn from.

Chigozie Asikaburu

Chigozie’s journey is full of insights for anyone standing at the crossroads of a cybersecurity career. Initially majoring in computer science, he stumbled into cybersecurity through a research program.

What’s noteworthy about this example is how he weighted various factors before diving headfirst into the field. His story demonstrates the importance of evaluating personal preferences and market dynamics when carving out a career path that’s both lucrative and fulfilling.

Sandra

Our second example is a video by Sandra outlining the different career paths one can take as a cybersecurity professional. She discusses several key considerations, such as picking the right certifications, switching jobs or keeping the same one for longer, diving into management roles, or working independently.

Sandra emphasizes that there’s no one-size-fits-all career path in cybersecurity and encourages viewers to consider their own skills, interests, and career goals when making these decisions.

FAQs About Cybersecurity Career Paths

We’ve got the answers to your most frequently asked questions.

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